While many know it as the Duomo, the Milan Cathedral is the third largest church in the world based on the total floor area. It is a significant pilgrimage site, attracting around 5 million visitors yearly with its revered relics, beautiful religious artwork, and opportunities for quiet contemplation. But do you know its hidden stories and exciting details beneath its surface?
This article explores 10 intriguing facts about the Duomo di Milano, revealing its secret history, artistic wonders, and surprising quirks.
1. The Madonna is the Guardian of Milan
Since 1774, the golden Madonnina, or “little Madonna,” has graced the rooftop of the Duomo, standing 108.5 meters (365 feet) tall. She protects Milan from evil spirits and shields herself from the elements with a lightning rod concealed in her halberd. The original statue was eroded by rain and thunder and moved to the Duomo Museum in the 1960s. Today, a new stainless steel and copper plate statue continues to watch over the city.
2. The Hidden Dragon on the Duomo’s Façade
Do you know a dragon rests on the façade of the Duomo di Milano, blending seamlessly with the intricate Gothic carvings? This mythical creature, often overlooked by visitors, adds an element of mystery to the cathedral’s exterior. Its presence symbolizes the triumph of good over evil, a common theme in medieval art. Spotting the dragon becomes a fun challenge for keen-eyed visitors exploring the ornate details of this magnificent structure.
3. The Red Bulb and the Sacred Nail
Look above the apse to spot a red lightbulb marking where a nail from Jesus’ crucifixion is said to be placed. Every year, near September 14, the Archbishop of Milan ascends in a wooden basket adorned with angels to retrieve the nail. The basket, built in 1577 and reconstructed in 1701, adds to the ceremony. The nail is displayed at the altar until Monday after vespers.
4. Six Centuries in the Making
For over six centuries, the Duomo, Milan’s Gothic cathedral, gradually took shape, earning the affectionate nickname “Fabbrica del Duomo.” With 34,000 statues, 135 spires, 55 stained glass windows, and 150 gargoyles, its 11,700-square-meter expanse showcases the labor of thousands of artisans worldwide. This architectural masterpiece is evidence of the creators’ unwavering commitment.
5. There Were Over 78 Architects Behind the Masterpiece
Did you know that over 78 architects were invited to contribute to the magnificent Duomo di Milano? Surprisingly, even Leonardo da Vinci once submitted a design for the central dome, although he later withdrew it. Despite the collective effort, the identity of the original architect remains a mystery, adding an air of intrigue to the cathedral’s history. Read about the architecture of Duomo di Milano to learn more about the architects who created this masterpiece.
6. You Can Discover Your Zodiac Sign on the Duomo’s Floor!
When you step into the duomo, look down near the entrance. A brass rod stretched across the floor, with marble tiles showing all the zodiac signs. This isn’t just decoration—it’s a sundial! At noon, sunlight sneaks through a hole in the chapel ceiling, hitting your sign depending on the month. Astronomers put it there in 1786, and even with changes over time, like the metro construction, it still works like magic!
7. The Duomo is the only church where you can walk over the entire rooftop
A short elevator ride or 251 steps will take you to a vast 8,000 square meters of walking terraces with breathtaking vistas and elaborate marble sculptures. Look out for bizarre features such as boxing champions adorning the spires and pigeons set in stone. The expansive view, which includes buildings and mountains, is stunning!
8. There are Ancient Secrets Beneath the Duomo
In Roman times, Milan, or Mediolanum, was home to two churches and a baptistery. Among them stood the ancient basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, Santa Tecla, and the groundbreaking Baptistery of San Giovanni alle Fonti, where St. Augustine was baptized in 397. Today, remnants of St. Tecla and the baptistery’s unique octagonal shape await discovery in the cathedral’s archaeological section.
9. The attire of St. Bartholomew isn’t what it seems to be
Ever noticed St. Bartholomew’s seemingly ordinary cloak at the Duomo? Look closer! This martyr’s attire isn’t just fabric—it’s his okin! Legend has it he was flayed alive for his faith. Take a peek behind the pedestal to see the terrifying reality. It serves as a striking reminder of his selflessness and the horrible fate he met because of his convictions.
10. Madonna of the Roses doesn’t feature any actual roses
A stained glass window inside the Duomo depicts the Virgin Mary as the “Madonna of the Roses.” Despite its name, it is odd that this piece of art doesn’t feature any real roses. Their lack probably denotes a more profound meaning since roses are typically associated with purity and devotion. Even though the window doesn’t initially appear to have any flower decorations, it has a deep spiritual message that appeals to everyone who views it to pause and think.
A wealth of intriguing tales lies hidden within Milan’s Duomo, just waiting to be discovered. This majestic cathedral has something to amaze and thrill every visitor, from its rooftop secrets and hidden dragons to its artistic marvels and historical significance. Thus, the next time you’re in Milan, make sure to look past the obvious to explore the fascinating world of the Duomo.
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FAQs
1. Is the Madonna statue made of pure gold?
No, while it appears golden, the Madonnina is actually a copper statue plated with gold leaf. This makes it lighter and more resistant to the elements.
2. Why are there boxers on the Duomo’s rooftop?
The figures are not actually boxers but rather depictions of Old Testament figures: “Faith” (with a shield) and “Hope” (with a helmet). Their fierce poses might resemble a boxer’s stance.
3. Can you see the red bulb with the sacred nail all year round?
No, the red bulb is only lit during the “Salita del Chiodo” ceremony, held annually near September 14th. This ceremony commemorates the retrieval of the holy nail from Jesus’ crucifixion.
4. What’s the story behind the sleeping dragon?
The exact meaning of the sleeping dragon sculpture is unknown. Some believe it symbolizes Christianity’s taming of evil, while others see it as a protective guardian spirit watching over the city.
5. Does the sundial on the floor really work?
Despite the construction of Milan’s metro system, the sundial still functions with remarkable accuracy. On a clear day, look for the sunlight to hit your zodiac sign at noon!
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Featured Image: Walksofitaly.com